Which of the following diseases are known to be carried by roaches?

The correct answer identifies E. coli and Salmonella as diseases associated with cockroaches. Cockroaches are known to carry various pathogens due to their scavenging nature and the environments they inhabit, which often include unsanitary conditions. As they move through filth and decaying matter, they can pick up harmful bacteria.

E. coli and Salmonella are particularly significant because they can cause severe gastrointestinal illnesses when ingested through contaminated food and surfaces. Roaches can transfer these bacteria to food items through their droppings, saliva, and body parts, making them a public health concern in urban settings where they thrive.

The other options provided, including influenza, tuberculosis, hepatitis, cholera, measles, and mumps, are not diseases directly carried by cockroaches. Influenza and tuberculosis, for instance, are primarily transmitted through respiratory droplets, while hepatitis and cholera have different transmission vectors that do not involve roaches. Similarly, measles and mumps are viral infections that spread through airborne transmission and are unrelated to cockroach activities. Thus, the identification of E. coli and Salmonella as diseases linked to cockroaches accurately reflects their role in public health risks.